CMP (Canadian Military Pattern) 30cwt Truck

The Canadian Military Pattern (CMP) truck was a class of military truck - of various forms - made in large numbers in Canada during World War II to British Army specifications for use in the armies of the British Commonwealth allies. Standard designs were drawn up just before the beginning of the war.

CMP trucks were also sent to the Soviet Union following the Nazi invasion, as part of Canada's Gift and Mutual Aid program to the Allies. During the War CMP trucks saw service around the world in the North African Campaign, the Allied invasion of Sicily, the Italian Campaign, the Russian Front, the Burma Campaign, the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42), the liberation of Northwest Europe, and the Western Allied invasion of Germany. CMP trucks also saw service in post-war conflicts in Indonesia, French Indochina, and the Portuguese colonies in Africa.

The ambulance is a CMP (Canadian Military Pattern) 30cwt.  Many were taken over by the Dutch after World War II and some were used by their NICA forces.  It is difficult to tell the Ford from the Chevrolet versions unless you have a very detailed photograph. Both companies used their own chassis and engine/transmission/drive lines to mount a wide variety of common design (pattern) bodies on several different sizes of truck.  15cwt, 30cwt and 3 ton were the common ones. The picture was taken at Purworejo, 1 December 1948

Source :
http://en.wikipedia.org/

Toyota Kijang Doyok (1st Generation Kijang)

The Kijang is a series of pickup trucks and minivans sold in Indonesia and Brunei, made by Toyota. "Kijang", meaning deer/muntjac in Indonesian, was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and it has become the most popular car in the country.. The car was first built in the Philippines (as the Tamaraw), where it was launched on 2 December 1976. This car is also sold in other countries, and is known as the Unser in Malaysia (Innova for the fifth generation), Zace in Taiwan, Qualis and Innova in India, Nepal, and the Philippines, and Stallion and Condor in South Africa. The original Kijang is known as the Revo in the Philippines.

It is relatively affordable in the markets where sold when compared to four-wheel drive vehicles (the Kijang is a rear-wheel drive) and features high seating capacity, high ground clearance and rugged suspension, popular features in an area with generally poor road conditions and large extended families.

It is manufactured as a CKD (complete knock-down) in almost every country it is sold in, and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it is sold. The Kijang was designed with ease of manufacture in mind; in 1986 assembly of a Kijang only cost 42% of the cost of assembling the much smaller Corolla 1300.

 

The prototype was displayed at the 1975 Jakarta Fair, and production began in 1977. The first Kijang was a boxy little pickup truck powered by 1.2 liter 3K engine matched to four-speed manual transmission. The pickup with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus was built by a local company.

The Kijang first entered the Indonesian market on 9 June 1977, although it had been on sale in the Philippines since 1976.[1] It was a boxy pickup truck with externally hinged half doors and plastic/canvas windows. Called "KF10" it shared the 3K engine with the Corolla, coupled to a 4-speed manual transmission. It was nicknamed "Kijang Buaya" (English: Crocodile Kijang) because of the long engine hood is opened like a crocodile mouth. The KF10 Kijang car sold 26,806 units until 1981, when replaced by the second generation Kijang.

 Jakarta in the 1978. Dodge 600 bus and Toyota Kijang Doyok

Source :

http://en.wikipedia.org/

Dodge 600 Bus

Dodge is an American brand of automobiles, minivans, and sport utility vehicles manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly known as Chrysler Group LLC), based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Dodge vehicles presently include the lower-priced badge variants of Chrysler-badged vehicles as well as performance cars, though for much of its existence Dodge was Chrysler's mid-priced brand above Plymouth.

Founded as the Dodge Brothers Company by brothers Horace Elgin Dodge and John Francis Dodge in 1900, Dodge was originally a supplier of parts and assemblies for Detroit-based automakers and began building complete automobiles in 1915, predating the founding of Chrysler Corporation. The Dodge brothers died suddenly in 1920 and the company was sold to Dillon, Read & Co. in 1925 before being sold to Chrysler in 1928. Dodge vehicles mainly consisted of trucks and full-sized passenger cars through the 1970s, though it did make some inroads into the compact car market during this time. The 1973 oil crisis and its subsequent impact on the American automobile industry led Chrysler to develop the K platform of compact to midsize cars for the 1981 model year. The K platform and its derivatives are credited with reviving Chrysler's business in the 1980s; one such derivative became the Dodge Caravan.

The Dodge brand has withstood the multiple ownership changes at Chrysler from 1998–2009, including its short-lived merger with Daimler-Benz AG from 1998–2007, its subsequent sale to Cerberus Capital Management, its 2009 bailout by the United States government, and its subsequent Chapter 11 bankruptcy and acquisition by Fiat.

In 2011, Dodge, Ram, and Dodge's Viper were separated. Dodge said that the Dodge Viper will now be an SRT product and Ram will be a manufacturer. In 2014, SRT was merged back into Dodge. Later that year, Chrysler Group was renamed FCA US LLC, corresponding with the merger of Fiat S.p.A. and Chrysler Group into the single corporate structure of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.

 Jakarta in the 1978. Dodge 600 bus and Toyota Kijang Doyok

Source :

http://en.wikipedia.org/

Ford Model A Truck

The Ford Model A of 1928–1931 (also colloquially called the A-Model Ford or the A, and A-bone among rodders and customizers) was the second huge success for the Ford Motor Company, after its predecessor, the Model T. First produced on October 20, 1927, but not sold until December 2, it replaced the venerable Model T, which had been produced for 18 years. This new Model A (a previous model had used the name in 1903–1904) was designated as a 1928 model and was available in four standard colors.

By 4 February 1929, one million Model As had been sold, and by 24 July, two million. The range of body styles ran from the Tudor at US$500 (in grey, green, or black) to the Town Car with a dual cowl at US$1200. In March 1930, Model A sales hit three million, and there were nine body styles available.

The Model A was produced through 1931. When production ended in March, 1932, there were 4,858,644 Model As made in all styles. Its successor was the Model B, which featured an updated 4-cylinder engine, as well as the Model 18 which introduced Ford's new flathead (sidevalve) V8 engine.

A Ford Model A from 1928-1929 with a local drivers cabin and body

Source :
http://en.wikipedia.org/

Ford Model AA Truck

Ford Model AA is a truck from Ford. As the Model T and TT became obsolete and needed to be replaced, Henry Ford began initial designs on the Model A and Model AA in 1926. Basic chassis layout was done rapidly and mechanical development was moved forward quickly. Body design and style was developed and then outsourced to various body manufacturers, including Briggs and Murray. The designs of the Model A shared parts and materials with the Model AA Ford, notably the body, engine and interior. The AA usually received plainer interiors than their car counterparts. The Model AA followed similar design changes to the Model A during the AA's four years in production, often delayed anywhere from three to nine months.[citation needed] The mechanical changes and upgrades were done during production of the vehicles. Body changes that occurred between 1929 and 1930 were also integrated into AA production, but leftover parts were used longer in the heavy commercial trucks.

A Ford Model AA truck from 1928-1929 (possibly into 1930) of "Soesoe Tjoklat Tjap Bandera" (Chocolate Milk 'Flag' Brand). Note that the wheels on this AA truck are not the standard wheels supplied from the USA.  Normally, that truck would have dual rear wheels of a different style and this one seems to have single rear wheels. Possibly a local modification.

Source :

http://ffi.signalinovasi.com/

Frisian Flag Old Vehicles

The history of Frisian Flag is started when sweetened condensed milk under Friesche Vlag brand imported by Cooperatve Condensfabriek Friesland, which has become Royal FrieslandCampina, in 1922. Since the beginning, Sweetened Condensed Milk is promoted and sold by Indonesian business partners. In order to win the market competition, its product known as “Soesoe Tjap Bendera”.

In 1968, PT Friesche Vlag Indonesia was founded through partnership of Cooperatieve Condensfabriek Friesland and a local company. In 1969, Plant Pasar Rebo was founded. In 1971, it started to produce Sweetened Condensed Milk and distribute the product to every region of Indonesia.
leaflet 1937
Combi Frisian Flag

PT Friesche Vlag Indonesia then produce powder milk in 1979, the first growing up milk in Indonesia was produced in 1988, and ready to drink UHT milk in 1991.

In 2002, PT Friesche Vlag became PT Frisian Flag Indonesia. In the following years, several companies joined under PT Frisian Flag Indonesia name.

A Ford Model AA truck from 1928-1929 (possibly into 1930) of "Soesoe Tjoklat Tjap Bandera" (Chocolate Milk 'Flag' Brand). Note that the wheels on this AA truck are not the standard wheels supplied from the USA.  Normally, that truck would have dual rear wheels of a different style and this one seems to have single rear wheels. Possibly a local modification.

A Ford Model A from 1928-1929 with a local drivers cabin and body

Source :

http://ffi.signalinovasi.com/

1937 DeSoto 4-Door Touring Sedan

The DeSoto (sometimes De Soto) was an American automobile marque, manufactured and marketed by the now-defunct DeSoto Division of the Chrysler Corporation from 1928 to 1961. The DeSoto logo featured a stylized image of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. The De Soto marque was officially dropped November 30, 1960, with over two million vehicles built since 1928.

The DeSoto make was founded by Walter Chrysler on August 4, 1928, and introduced for the 1929 model year. It was named after the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Chrysler wanted to enter the brand in competition with its arch-rivals General Motors, Studebaker, and Willys-Knight, in the mid-price class.

Shortly after DeSoto was introduced, however, Chrysler completed its purchase of the Dodge Brothers, giving the company two mid-priced makes. Initially, the two-make strategy was relatively successful, with DeSoto priced below Dodge models. Despite the economic times, DeSoto sales were relatively healthy, pacing Dodge at around 25,000 units in 1932. In fact, when DeSoto first came out in 1929, it broke the first-year sales record, with 81,065 cars sold, and was not beaten until 1960 by the Ford Falcon.

However, in 1933, Chrysler reversed the market positions of the two marques in hopes of boosting Dodge sales. By elevating DeSoto, it received Chrysler's streamlined 1934 Airflow bodies. But, on the shorter DeSoto wheelbase, the design was a disaster and was unpopular with consumers. Unlike Chrysler, which still had more traditional models to fall back on, DeSoto was hobbled by the Airflow design until the 1935 Airstream arrived.

Aside from its Airflow models, DeSoto's 1942 model is probably its second most memorable model from the pre-war years, when the cars were fitted with powered pop-up headlights, a first for a North American mass-production vehicle. (The Cord 810 introduced dashboard hand cranked hidden headlamps in the 1936 model year.) DeSoto marketed the feature as "Air-Foil" lights ("Out of Sight Except at Night").

After 1933 there were 'peace and order' in Aceh after so many years of intensive 'klewang and carbine' wars. Furthermore, the thirties for Aceh were however not been a bad time, despite the global economic depression. Precisely for the "pacification" of the region that the colonial government encouraged the deeper establishment of Western companies in Aceh. Thus, this region was the northern extension of the plantation area of Sumatra's east coast. They was also drilled for oil. However, most growth came from commercial crops of small farmers, such as pepper, rubber and copra. The picture show a European plantation controller with his DeSoto 4-Door Touring Sedan on tour in Aceh, North Sumatra, about 1937

Source :

http://commons.wikimedia.org/

1935 Ford Model 48 730 De Luxe Fordor Sedan

The Model 48 was an update on Ford's V8-powered Model 40A, the company's main product. Introduced in 1935, the Model 48 was given a cosmetic refresh annually, begetting the 1937 Ford before being thoroughly redesigned for 1941. The 1935 Ford's combination of price, practicality, and looks vaulted the company ahead of rival Chevrolet for the sales crown that year, with 820,000 sold.

The 1935 Ford was a thorough refresh on the popular V8-powered Ford. The four-cylinder Model A engine was no longer offered, leaving just the 221 CID (3.6 L) V8 to power every Ford car and truck. The transverse leaf spring suspension remained, but the front spring was relocated ahead of the axle to allow more interior volume. The body was lowered and new "Center-Poise" seating improved comfort.

Visually, the 1935 Ford was much more modern with the grille pushed forward and made more prominent by de-emphasized and more-integrated fenders. A major advance was a true integrated trunk on "trunkback" sedans, though the traditional "flatback" was also offered. Outdated body styles like the Victoria were also deleted for the year.

Two trim lines were offered, standard and DeLuxe, across a number of body styles including a base roadster, five-window coupe, three-window coupe, Tudor and Fordor sedans in flatback or trunkback versions, a convertible sedan, a woody station wagon, and new Model 51 truck. Rumble seats were optional on coupe model. An oil pressure gauge($4) and two windshield wipers were optional. If one got the optional radio, it replaced the ash tray.

Car and driver in Fort van der Capellen, March 1938

Source :
http://commons.wikimedia.org/

1939 Morris Eight "Series E" Tourer 4-Seater

 The Morris Eight is a small car which was produced by Morris Motors from 1935 to 1948. It was inspired by the sales popularity of the similarly shaped Ford Model Y. The success of the car enabled Morris to regain its position as Britain's largest motor manufacturer.

The car was powered by a Morris UB series 918 cc four-cylinder side-valve engine with three bearing crankshaft and single SU carburettor with maximum power of 23.5 bhp (17.5 kW). The gearbox was a three-speed unit with synchromesh on the top two speeds and Lockheed hydraulic brakes were fitted. Coil ignition was used in a Lucas electrical system powered by a 6 volt battery and third brush dynamo.

The body which was either a saloon or open tourer was mounted on a separate channel section chassis with a 7 feet 6 inches (2.29 m) wheelbase. The tourer could reach 58 mph (93 km/h) and return 45 miles per imperial gallon (6.3 L/100 km; 37 mpg-US); the saloons were a little slower. The chrome-plated radiator shell and honeycomb grille were dummies disguising the real one hidden behind. In September 1934 the bare chassis was offered for £95.[2] For buyers of complete cars prices ranged from £118 for the basic two-seater to £142 for the four door saloon with "sunshine" roof and leather seats. Bumpers and indicators were £2 10 shillings (£2.50) extra.

Compared with the similarly priced, but much lighter and longer established Austin 7, the 1934/35 Morris Eight was well equipped. The driver was provided with a full set of instruments including a speedometer with a built in odometer, oil pressure and fuel level gauges and an ammeter. The more modern design of the Morris was reflected in the superior performance of its hydraulically operated 8 inch drum brakes.[2] The Morris also scored over its Ford rival by incorporating an electric windscreen wiper rather than the more old-fashioned vacuum powered equivalent, while its relatively wide 45 inch track aided directional stability on corners.

The series I designation was used from June 1935 in line with other Morris models, cars made before this are known as pre-series although the official Morris Motors designation was by the model year (35) even though they were introduced in October 1934. Of the 164,102 cars produced approximately 24,000 were tourers.

Morris Eight "Series E" Tourer 4-Seater used as a Taxi in Batavia, Netherlands East Indies

Source :
http://en.wikipedia.org/

1957 Morris Minor Series II

The Series II Morris Minor followed on from the Series MM in 1953 with the addition of the 803cc overhead valve A-series engine, which was taken from the Minor's cousin, the Austin A30.

Externally there was very little difference between the MM and Series II. The Series II retained the early "cheesegrater grille" until 1954 when the more well known horizontal grille bars were introduced.

The only way of telling a Series MM from an early Series II from the outside, is by looking at the bonnet badge. The Series MM had a flat bonnet flash (that continued on to the Light Commercial Vehicles), whereas the Series II and Minor 1000s had the newer style "Mazak" bonnet flash with a separate M motif on either side.

 Jakarta. The Oplet is a Morris Minor Series 2 from around 1956-57, while the truck in the background is a 1957 Chevrolet

Source :

 http://www.mmoc.org.uk/

1957 Chevrolet Light Duty Pickup Truck

Chevrolet has produced full sized pickup trucks under many nameplates and platforms:

    Chevrolet Advance Design 1947-1955

    Chevrolet Task Force 1955-59: There were actually two Chevy pickups in 1955. The First Series was a carryover, the new models were the Second Series.[1]

    Chevrolet C/K (1960–1999)
    Chevrolet Silverado (1999-current)
    Chevrolet Avalanche (2001-2013)


Chevrolet has also sold or produced many compact/mid-size pickup trucks:

    Chevrolet SSR 2003-2006
    Chevrolet LUV
    Chevrolet S-10
    Chevrolet Colorado


Chevrolet has also produced pickup trucks based on passenger cars:

    Chevrolet El Camino

 Jakarta. The Oplet is a Morris Minor Series 2 from around 1956-57, while the truck in the background is a 1957 Chevrolet

Source :

http://en.wikipedia.org/

1951 Chrysler Windsor DeLuxe 4-Door Sedan

The Chrysler Windsor was a full-sized car built by the Chrysler Corporation of Highland Park, Michigan (USA) from 1939 through to the 1960s. The final Chrysler Windsor as known to Americans was produced in 1961, but continued production in Canada until 1966. The Canadian 1961 to 1966 Windsor model was for all intents and purposes the equivalent of the Chrysler Newport in the United States.

The Windsor was positioned above the entry-level Royal from 1939 to 1950. With the demise of the Royal for the 1951 model year the Windsor became Chrysler's price leader through to 1960. For the 1961 model year the Chrysler Newport was made the marque's price leader with the Windsor positioned one level above the Newport. Chrysler replaced the Windsor name in 1962 with the introduction of the non-lettered series Chrysler 300.

A driver standing next to a 1951 Chrysler Windsor DeLuxe 4-door sedan in front of Paul Spies' house at Parapattan 42, Jakarta, 1955. He is holding a "kemocheng" to cleans the softer part of the car from the dust

Source :
http://commons.wikimedia.org/

Public Transport Drivers in Netherlands East Indies

Amko (small taxi) in Java in 1930s

Since the streets in the East Indies was built as a means of mobility for the colonial exploitation, since it also the contiguity of modern civilization began reaching into areas in the Indian archipelago. Java can be said to be the first point of contact and friction rate for this modernity. Ranging from education to modern technology, community life descend the Indies at the time so no wonder that the Dutch colonial government compensate it by building infrastructure to fasten the modernity.

The entry of a modern car as a means of transportation to the Indies followed by the construction of smooth roads which used the asphalt hardening technology, that can be traversed by small and large cars. Rudolf Mrazek book entitled "Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in Colony", explain all of this. How the streets of Indies has been transformed into an 'exhibition' by creating a vivid spectacle of class difference visible to the eyes, starting from walking community, riding a bike, wagon ride, dolar, delman (traditional vehicles), trams and even private cars filled the streets. Not only that, the car has created new jobs for the people of the East Indies, especially as a driver.

Car driver, not much different from that one skilled charioteer driving a means of transportation. The driver of the car was in the colonial period is divided into two: a personal driver and car drivers of public transport.

Personal driver usually works for European gentlemen or nobles who own a car (they are part of the domestic workers), while public transport driver is a driver that runs the rented car and usually they work to the skipper or owner of the rented car. Rudolf Mrazek once again illustrates how the image of taxi drivers in a photograph showing a modern car, the driver of Indonesia, using the cap since the 1930s to be a marker for the radical nationalists. They also have a union, especially in Yogyakarta, with the name of PCM (Persatoean Chauffeur Mataram) which was established around 1931's. Indeed, in the early 20th century professional driver is a great profession with a high fee and almost all societies such as the Dutch, Chinese and Indonesian preferred to be a driver, but over the time only the Indonesian people who remains as a driver, while the Dutch and the Chinese have left this profession.

So, modernity re-opens a new profession shaped by the machines to create a professional driver to run the car. 

Taxi driver in 1930s

Taxi in Surabaya in 1936

Source :

Tropenmuseum collection

https://phesolo.wordpress.com/

1941 Chrysler Royal 4-Door Sedan

1941 was the last year American automobile manufacturers were at full production until the end of World War II. At the end of the year, Chrysler moved ahead of Studebaker to take eighth place among the top 10 automakers. Along with the 8th place for Chrysler for 1941, the other big news were their two concept vehicles that took the auto show circuit by storm: six Newport dual cowl phaetons, including on that paced the Indianapolis 500, and six Thunderbolts, both coach built by LeBaron.

The 1941 Royal Series were similar to the previous year except the bodies were slightly lower and wider. In the front, the number of horizontal grille bars went from nine in 1940, to six in 1941. The Chrysler nameplate was now on the front nose of the vehicle. All models could be purchased with or without running boards. The bumper guards and the decorations on the trunk received a redesign. A Fluid Drive gearbox was standard with a new 'Vacamatic' semi-automatic transmission available at an additional cost. Automatic Safety control gearshift was new, as was the inside hood lock and a steering wheel with no spokes in the upper half. The engine was an L-head six-cylinder unit that offered around 110 horsepower. Four-wheel hydraulic brakes kept the vehicle in the driver's control. There were two wheelbase lengths available, a 121.5-inch or 139.5-inch version. The shorter platform housed a Coupe, Club Coupe, Brougham, Sedan, or Town Sedan bodystyle while the long wheelbase version came as a chassis, 8-passenger sedan or limousine. The most popular bodystyle for 1941 on the Royal C-28 Series was the Sedan which saw 51,378 examples sold.

There were 6,846 Royal Six Business Coupes produced in 1941 and had a base price of $945. This particular example rides on wide whitewall tires, has hubcaps, rear fender skirts, heater, radio and clock. The chrome is in good condition, as is the paint. The interior is believed to be original, along with the wood grained dash, instruments, and knobs.

Motorcade were greeted by a row of school children in Muna Island, 1946. Muna (Pulau Muna) is an island in the South East Sulawesi province of Indonesia with an area of 2,889 km2 (1,124 square miles). It is located just southeast of the island of Sulawesi.

Source :
http://www.conceptcarz.com/

Showroom and Car Dealer

Facade of the showroom Garage Berkhemer, Chevrolet dealer, La Salle and Cadillac cars, 1918-1930 period

 Party tent at the "Pasar Malam" in Sibolga, North Sumatera, with a Chevrolet Pavilion (Sales Exhibition) in the background, 1926

Source:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/

1935 Ford Model 48 Eight De Luxe Phaeton Convertible

The 1935 Ford was a thorough refresh on the popular V8-powered Ford. The four-cylinder Model A engine was no longer offered, leaving just the 221 CID (3.6 L) V8 to power every Ford car and truck. The transverse leaf spring suspension remained, but the front spring was relocated ahead of the axle to allow more interior volume. The body was lowered and new "Center-Poise" seating improved comfort.

Visually, the 1935 Ford was much more modern with the grille pushed forward and made more prominent by de-emphasized and more-integrated fenders. A major advance was a true integrated trunk on "trunkback" sedans, though the traditional "flatback" was also offered. Outdated body styles like the Victoria were also deleted for the year.

Two trim lines were offered, standard and DeLuxe, across a number of body styles including a base roadster, five-window coupe, three-window coupe, Tudor and Fordor sedans in flatback or trunkback versions, a convertible sedan, a woody station wagon, and new Model 51 truck. Rumble seats were optional on coupe model. An oil pressure gauge($4) and two windshield wipers were optional. If one got the optional radio, it replaced the ash tray.

Family Dankaerts visited the family of J. Deun at the rubber company "Soember Mas" at Cipetir, Kadudampit, Sukabumi, 19 August 1935. Cipetir was the site of a gutta-percha plantation in the 19th and early 20th century. Marine debris consisting of blocks of gutta-percha, which is highly resistant to water corrosion, with the word "TJIPETIR" on them has been found on beaches throughout Europe. They are believed to be coming from one or more sunken ships from the early 1900s. The wreck of the Miyazaki Maru, sank in 1917, has been put forward as potential source of the blocks.

Source :
commons.wikimedia.org/

1938 Ford Panel Delivery Van

In 1938 Ford made new changes to the flathead V8, the most obvious change being the use of 24 studs per head instead of 21 as previously used. The engine underwent various other changes as years passed.

In 1939 when the Mercury car line was introduced, the engine's cylinder bore was opened up for a larger displacement in the Mercury car. Changes to the distributor occurred in 1942 and again in 1946.

The cooling fan was driven by its own v-belt beginning with 1942 models. The engine continued to be cast with the upper bell housing integral with the cylinder block assembly. In the post-war production both Ford and Mercury versions had the larger bore (3-3/16").

Water outlets were in the top center of each cylinder head for all 1938 to 48 motors. Water pumps were mounted in the lower front corners of all blocks from this era, and doubled as the front motor mounting pad.

A row of 1938 Ford Postal Vans that was taken in the centre of Batavia, 1938

Source:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/

1939 Hudson Pacemaker Series 91 Coupe (Touring Sedan)

The Hudson Motor Car Company made Hudson and other brand automobiles in Detroit, Michigan, from 1909 to 1954. In 1954, Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation to form American Motors (AMC). The Hudson name was continued through the 1957 model year, after which it was discontinued.

The name "Hudson" came from Joseph L. Hudson, a Detroit department store entrepreneur and founder of Hudson's department store, who provided the necessary capital and gave permission for the company to be named after him. A total of eight Detroit businessmen formed the company on February 20, 1909, to produce an automobile which would sell for less than US$1,000 (equivalent to approximately $26,248 in today's funds). One of the chief "car men" and organizer of the company was Roy D. Chapin, Sr., a young executive who had worked with Ransom E. Olds. (Chapin's son, Roy Jr., would later be president of Hudson-Nash descendant American Motors Corp. in the 1960s). The company quickly started production, with the first car driven out of a small factory in Detroit on July 3, 1909.

Hotel des Indes, 1945-1948 period. Another "so-so" photo as the car behind the Police Officer is very unclear. The car next to the bicycle rider is a 1946 Studebaker Champion, while the car behind the Police Officer is a 1939 Hudson

Source :
http://commons.wikimedia.org/

1946 Studebaker Champion 4-Door Sedan

The Studebaker Champion is an automobile which was produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana from the beginning of the 1939 model year until 1958.

The success of the Champion in 1939 was imperative to Studebaker’s survival following weak sales during the 1938 model year. Unlike most other cars, the Champion was designed from a "clean sheet", and had no restrictions caused by necessarily utilizing older parts or requiring the subsequent use of its components in heavier vehicles. Market research guided the selection of features, but a key principle adhered to was the engineering watchword "weight is the enemy." For its size, it was one of the lightest cars of its era. Its compact straight-6 engine outlasted the model itself and was produced to the end of the 1964 model year, with a change to an OHV design in 1961.

The Champion was one of Studebaker's best-selling models because of its low price (US$660 for the two-door business coupe in 1939), durable engine, and styling. The car's ponton styling was authored by industrial designer Raymond Loewy who had been under contract with Studebaker for the design of their automobiles. Champions won Mobilgas economy runs by posting the highest gas mileage tests. During World War II, Champions were coveted for their high mileage at a time when gas was rationed in the United States. From 1943-1945, the Champion engine was used as the powerplant for the Studebaker M29 Weasel personnel and cargo carrier, which also used four sets of the Champion's leaf springs arranged transversely for its bogie suspension.

The Champion was phased out in 1958 in preparation for the introduction of the 1959 Studebaker Lark. Prior to this, Studebaker had been placed under receivership, and the company was attempting to return to a profitable position.

The Champion came out in 1939. Deluxe models came with arm rests and dual wipers. The 164.3 cu in (2.7 L) I6 engine produced 78 horsepower (58 kW; 79 PS). In 1940, Studebaker claimed 27.25 mpg-US (8.63 L/100 km; 32.73 mpg-imp). In 1941, the bodies were given a more streamlined look.

Hotel des Indes, 1945-1948 period. Another "so-so" photo as the car behind the Police Officer is very unclear. The car next to the bicycle rider is a 1946 Studebaker Champion, while the car behind the Police Officer is a 1939 Hudson

Source :
http://commons.wikimedia.org/

1939 Chevrolet Bus

These busses are all Chevrolets. The first one on the left with all the chromium grille pieces is a 1941 to 1946 model; The second one with the girl and child in front of it is a 1940 model Chevrolet which had a larger chromium band at the top of the grille spelling out the name "Chevrolet"; while The third one is a 1939 Chevrolet with the narrower top chromium band and "Chevrolet" in much smaller letters.

Source :

https://www.gmheritagecenter.com/

http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/

1940 Chevrolet Bus

The 1940 Chevrolet Superior 14,000 GVW 28 passenger bus camper conversion is a very solid and straight all-steel body. The bus used petrol engine and, in some instance, coal gas engine. Coal is converted into coal gas by cranking the handle for about 15 minutes .the coal gas was used to run the buses in 1940-1945 during World War II, due to non availability of petrol [coal gas buses were used in kerala and madars(tamil nadu).

These busses are all Chevrolets. The first one on the left with all the chromium grille pieces is a 1941 to 1946 model; The second one with the girl and child in front of it is a 1940 model Chevrolet which had a larger chromium band at the top of the grille spelling out the name "Chevrolet"; while The third one is a 1939 Chevrolet with the narrower top chromium band and "Chevrolet" in much smaller letters.

Source :

https://www.gmheritagecenter.com/

http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/